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Source apportionment of methane escaping the subsea permafrost system in the outer Eurasian Arctic Shelf
Steinbach, J.; Holmstrand, H.; Shcherbakova, K.; Kosmach, D.; Brüchert, V.; Shakhova, N.; Salyuk, A.; Sapart, C.J.; Chernykh, D.; Noormets, R.; Semiletov, I.; Gustafsson, Ö. (2021). Source apportionment of methane escaping the subsea permafrost system in the outer Eurasian Arctic Shelf. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 118(10): e2019672118. https://hdl.handle.net/10.1073/pnas.2019672118
In: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. The Academy: Washington, D.C.. ISSN 0027-8424; e-ISSN 1091-6490, meer
Peer reviewed article  
Beschikbaar in  Auteurs 
Trefwoord
    Marien/Kust
Author keywords
    methane; isotopes/radiocarbon; Arctic; carbon cycle/climate change; subsea permafrost
Auteurs  Top 
  • Steinbach, J.
  • Holmstrand, H.
  • Shcherbakova, K.
  • Kosmach, D.
  • Brüchert, V.
  • Shakhova, N.
  • Salyuk, A.
  • Sapart, C.J., meer
  • Chernykh, D.
  • Noormets, R.
  • Semiletov, I.
  • Gustafsson, Ö.
Abstract
    The East Siberian Arctic Shelf holds large amounts of inundated carbon and methane (CH4). Holocene warming by overlying seawater, recently fortified by anthropogenic warming, has caused thawing of the underlying subsea permafrost. Despite extensive observations of elevated seawater CH4 in the past decades, relative contributions from different subsea compartments such as early diagenesis, subsea permafrost, methane hydrates, and underlying thermogenic/ free gas to these methane releases remain elusive. Dissolved methane concentrations observed in the Laptev Sea ranged from 3 to 1,500 nM (median 151 nM; oversaturation by ∼3,800%). Methane stable isotopic composition showed strong vertical and horizontal gradients with source signatures for two seepage areas of δ13C-CH4 = (−42.6 ± 0.5)/(−55.0 ± 0.5) ‰ and δD-CH4 = (−136.8 ± 8.0)/(−158.1 ± 5.5) ‰, suggesting a thermogenic/natural gas source. Increasingly enriched δ13C-CH4 and δD-CH4 at distance from the seeps indicated methane oxidation. The Δ14C-CH4 signal was strongly depleted (i.e., old) near the seeps (−993 ± 19/−1050 ± 89‰). Hence, all three isotope systems are consistent with methane release from an old, deep, and likely thermogenic pool to the outer Laptev Sea. This knowledge of what subsea sources are contributing to the observed methane release is a prerequisite to predictions on how these emissions will increase over coming decades and centuries.
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