Novel bioreactors for culturing marine organisms
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| Abstract |
This chapter considers a wide range of novel bioreactor configurations for cultivation of marine organisms for purposes of biomass harvesting/enrichment or synthesis of target metabolites or wastewater treatment. It begins by analyzing biofilm reactors that promote surface-attached growth, including the niche-mimicking types viz. modified roller bottles, air membrane surface bioreactor, and ultralow speed rotating disk bioreactor as well as the small-scale extended surface shaken vessel. Photobioreactors (PBR ), used mainly for phototrophic algal growth, are discussed next – these include the tubular, plate/panel and stirred tank types on the one hand and vertical column PBRs on the other, the latter mainly comprising airlift (AL ) and bubble column (BC ) PBRs. Important AL/BC configurations have been described. Membrane bioreactors (MBR ) are then taken up, which include, e. g., the anaerobic MBR, ion-exchange MBR, etc. Immobilized cell bioreactors – primarily packed bed bioreactors (PBBR ) and their hybrids (e. g., with PBR, airlift bioreactor (ALBR ), MBR etc.), are reviewed next, followed by hollow fiber bioreactors (HFBR ) (e. g., HF–submerged MBR, HF-PBR, etc.) which, technically, are also a class of immobilized-cell bioreactors. This is followed by a brief overview of fluidized bed and moving bed bioreactors, used primarily for wastewater treatment. Finally, the different classes of high-pressure and/or high-temperature bioreactors are considered, which are practically wholly devoted to cultivation of extremophiles (barophiles and/or thermophiles) isolated from the deep sea. |
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