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The toxicity of heavy metals to embryos of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica
Calabrese, A.; Collier, R.S.; Nelson, D.A.; MacInnes, J.R. (1973). The toxicity of heavy metals to embryos of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica. Mar. Biol. (Berl.) 18(3): 162-166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00367984
In: Marine Biology: International Journal on Life in Oceans and Coastal Waters. Springer: Heidelberg; Berlin. ISSN 0025-3162; e-ISSN 1432-1793, meer
Peer reviewed article  
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  • Calabrese, A.
  • Collier, R.S.
  • Nelson, D.A.
  • MacInnes, J.R.
Abstract
    The acute toxicity of 11 heavy metals to embryos of the American oyster Crassostrea virginica was studied and the concentrations at which 50% of the embryos did not develop were determined. The most toxic metals and their LC50 values were mercury (0.0056 ppm), silver (0.0058 ppm), copper (0.103 ppm) and zinc (0.31 ppm). Those metals that were not as toxic and their LC50 values were nickel (1.18 ppm), lead (2.45 ppm) and cadmium (3.80 ppm). Those metals that were relatively non-toxic and their LC50 values were arsenic (7.5 ppm), chromium (10.3 ppm) and manganese (16.0 ppm). Aluminum was non-toxic at 7.5 ppm, the highest concentration tested.
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