IMIS

The westernmost Mediterranean is one of the most sensitive areas to global climate change and high sedimentation rates allow recording high frequency variability. We present a high-resolution paleotemperature reconstruction over the last 35 kyr using, for the first time, four independent organicsea surface temperature (SST) proxies (U^K'₃₇, TEX ^H₈₆, RI-OH' and LDI) based on alkenones, (hydroxy) isoprenoid GDGTs, and long-chain diols. We also generated a δ¹⁸O of planktonic foraminifera G. bulloides record together withrecords of bulk parameters (total organic carbon content, δ¹³C _org) and the accumulation rates of different biomarkers to provide insights into terrestrial input and primary producers. All derived-SST records showed similar trends over the last 35 kyr, revealing abrupt temperature variations during the last seven Dansgaard-Oeschger (D/O) cycles, the three Heinrich (H) events, the Last Glacial Maximum, and the Younger Dryas. H3 is recognized as the coldest event, while H1 wasrecorded by all SST proxies as the most abrupt one. In general, TEX ^H₈₆-, RI-OH'- and LDI-SST estimates were lower than those obtained from U^K'₃₇. The LDI paleothermometer recorded the largest range of absolute SSTs over the whole period (ca. 20°C) followed by RI-OH' (ca. 16°C). TEX^H₈₆, RI-OH' and LDI proxies reflected sudden SST changes during the D/O 6 and 5 particularly well. Low BIT values and the abundance of C₃₂ 1,15-diol in range with typical marine values indicated only minor input of continental organic matter. Accumulation rates of different lipid biomarkers were generally modulated by D/O cycles, suggesting enhanced productivity during D/O interstadials and the Bölling-Alleröd period.