Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides conclusive evidence that the family Ancyrocephalidae is deeply paraphyletic
Hao, C.-L.; Wei, N.-W.; Liu, Y.-J.; Shi, C.-X.; Arken, K.; Yue, C. (2023). Mitochondrial phylogenomics provides conclusive evidence that the family Ancyrocephalidae is deeply paraphyletic. Parasites & Vectors 16(1): 83. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023-05692-6
In: Parasites & Vectors. BIOMED CENTRAL LTD: London. e-ISSN 1756-3305, more
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Keywords |
Dactylogyridae Bychowsky, 1933 [WoRMS]; Dactylogyrus Diesing, 1850 [WoRMS]; Dactylogyrus simplex; Dactylogyrus tuba Linstow, 1878 [WoRMS]
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Author keywords |
Dactylogyridae; Dactylogyrus simplex; Dactylogyrus tuba; mitochondrial genome; phylogeny; paraphyly |
Authors | | Top |
- Hao, C.-L.
- Wei, N.-W.
- Liu, Y.-J.
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- Shi, C.-X.
- Arken, K.
- Yue, C.
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Abstract |
BackgroundUnresolved taxonomic classification and paraphyly pervade the flatworm class Monogenea: the class itself may be paraphyletic and split into Polyopisthocotylea and Monopisthocotylea; there are some indications that the monopisthocotylean order Dactylogyridea may also be paraphyletic; single-gene markers and some morphological traits indicate that the family Ancyrocephalidae is paraphyletic and intertwined with the family Dactylogyridae. MethodsTo attempt to study the relationships of Ancyrocephalidae and Monopisthocotylea using a phylogenetic marker with high resolution, we sequenced mitochondrial genomes of two fish ectoparasites from the family Dactylogyridae: Dactylogyrus simplex and Dactylogyrus tuba. We conducted phylogenetic analyses using three datasets and three methods. Datasets were ITS1 (nuclear) and nucleotide and amino acid sequences of almost complete mitogenomes of almost all available Monopisthocotylea mitogenomes. Methods were maximum likelihood (IQ-TREE), Bayesian inference (MrBayes) and CAT-GTR (PhyloBayes). ResultsBoth mitogenomes exhibited the ancestral gene order for Neodermata, and both were compact, with few and small intergenic regions and many and large overlaps. Gene sequences were remarkably divergent for nominally congeneric species, with only trnI exhibiting an identity value > 80%. Both mitogenomes had exceptionally low A + T base content and AT skews. We found evidence of pervasive compositional heterogeneity in the dataset and indications that base composition biases cause phylogenetic artefacts. All six mitogenomic analyses produced unique topologies, but all nine analyses produced topologies that rendered Ancyrocephalidae deeply paraphyletic. Mitogenomic data consistently resolved the order Capsalidea as nested within the Dactylogyridea.
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