Critical elements of a lightering operation
Gudmundseth, G. (2011). Critical elements of a lightering operation, in: Pettersen, B. et al. (Ed.) 2nd International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water: Ship to Ship Interaction, May 18 - 20, 2011, Trondheim, Norway. pp. 175-182
In: Pettersen, B. et al. (2011). 2nd International Conference on Ship Manoeuvring in Shallow and Confined Water: Ship to Ship Interaction, May 18 - 20, 2011, Trondheim, Norway. Flanders Hydraulics Research/Ghent University/Norwegian Marine Technology Research Institute/Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)/The Royal Institute of Naval Architects: London. ISBN 978-1-905040-83-4. X, 422 pp., more
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Document type: Conference paper
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| Abstract |
The Ship Manoeuvring Simulator Centre in Trondheim, Norway, has delivered different levels of training courses for Pilots and Deck Officers performing in Sea Lightering Operations.
Course participants have been professional Mooring Masters, each with individual experience of more than 1000 STSoperations, experienced Master Mariners with many years’ of service, where STS-operations have been a frequent method used during discharging of cargo, Harbour Pilots conducting STS from time to time and Master Mariners/Ship Officers with little or no experience in this way of berthing method.
Observations and discussions obtained, during many years of arranging training courses, are the main source for this paper, together with my own experience in lightering operations, in command of both the vessel to be lightered and the service ship or moving vessel.
Based on the observations done during such training courses, a wide range of key elements pertaining to STS-operations have come to light, the nature of some being of great value relating to the safety aspect of such advanced operations.
This paper will discuss normal, as well as critical elements in the final approach phase of such operations.
The major topics, but not limited to, will highlight following elements:
•Procedures and checklists •Observations and monitoring during approach •Mooring Master condition •Communication •Forces to be handled during approach •Time frames available during final approach •Handling of non-conformities •Action priorities •Analysing non-conformities •Conclusions
The OCIMF Ship to Ship Transfer Guides [1] [2] is the main operation guide used by most of the operators who are selecting STS-operations as berthing/unloading method.
Elements from said guide are referred to in this paper, in order to adhere to the content of same. |
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