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The critical adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in treated ballast water
Peperzak, L. (2023). The critical adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration in treated ballast water. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 187: 114506. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.114506
In: Marine Pollution Bulletin. Macmillan: London. ISSN 0025-326X; e-ISSN 1879-3363, more
Peer reviewed article  

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Author keywords
    Adenosine triphosphate (ATP); Ballast water; Compliance; Model; IMO; Compliance monitoring devices (CMD); Phosphoric acid benzalkonium chloride (P-BAC)

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  • Peperzak, L., more

Abstract

    Measuring Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) provides a proxy to check compliance with IMO's ballast water D-2 standard: <10 cells mL−1 in the 10–50 μm size class. Measured with standard boiling techniques the ATPconcentration in aquatic eukaryotic microorganisms is 0.6 mol m −3. Model calculations with 10–50 μm spherical organisms show their ATP content is 0.2 to 20 pg cell−1, in line with several cell lysis data. However, at 10 cells mL−1, these ATP contents lead to a maximum of only 2 to 200 pg ATP mL−1, at least 7.5× below a D-2 test kit 1500 pg ATP mL−1 upper limit. Differentcell shape and ATP extraction scenarios to reach 1500 pg ATP mL −1 are discussed but remain improbable. Because cell lysis data are inconclusive, and a novel phosphoric acid-benzalkonium chloride method indicates up to 3× higher ATP concentrations, an independent test kit validation and a comparison of all three techniques are recommended.


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