Whole mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for studying retinoic acid signaling in developing amphioxus
Bozzo, M.; Candiani, S.; Schubert, M. (2020). Whole mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry for studying retinoic acid signaling in developing amphioxus. Methods Enzymol. 637: 419-452. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2020.03.007
In: Methods in enzymology. Academic Press: New York. ISSN 0076-6879; e-ISSN 1557-7988, more
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| Keywords |
Branchiostoma Costa, 1834 [WoRMS]; Cephalochordata [WoRMS]
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| Author keywords |
Amphioxus; Cephalochordate; Retinoic acid signaling; Pharmacological treatments; Immunohistochemistry; Whole mount in situ hybridization; Fluorescent and confocal imaging; Neurobiology; GABA; GAD |
| Authors | | Top |
- Bozzo, M.
- Candiani, S.
- Schubert, M.
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| Abstract |
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A-derived signaling molecule acting during development and in the adult. This chapter provides protocols to characterize the role of RA signaling during development of the invertebrate chordate amphioxus. As sister group to all other chordates and characterized by the most vertebrate-like RA signaling system of all invertebrates, amphioxus is an important model for studying the evolution of RA signaling. Focusing on the development of GABAergic neurons in the amphioxus central nervous system, we provide detailed protocols for maintaining and breeding adult animals, for performing pharmacological treatments of embryos and for analyzing the effects of these treatments by whole mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry coupled to confocal microscopy. |
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