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El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity
Timmermann, A.; An, S.-I.; Kug, J.-S.; Jin, F.-F.; Cai, W.; Capotondi, A.; Cobb, K.M.; Lengaigne, M.; McPhaden, M.J.; Stuecker, M.F.; Stein, K.; Wittenberg, A.T.; Yun, K.-S.; Bayr, T.; Chen, H.-C.; Chikamoto, Y.; Dewitte, B.; Dommenget, D.; Grothe, P.; Guilyardi, E.; Ham, Y.-G.; Hayashi, M.; Ineson, S.; Kang, D.; Kim, S.; Kim, W.; Lee, J.-Y.; Li, T.; Luo, J.-J.; McGregor, S.; Planton, Y.; Power, S.; Rashid, H.; Ren, H.-L.; Santoso, A.; Takahashi, K.; Todd, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, G.; Xie, R.; Yang, W.-H.; Yeh, S.-W.; Yoon, J.; Zeller, E.; Zhang, X. (2018). El Niño–Southern Oscillation complexity. Nature (Lond.) 559(7715): 535-545. https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0252-6
In: Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science. Nature Publishing Group: London. ISSN 0028-0836; e-ISSN 1476-4687, more
Peer reviewed article  
Available in  Authors 
Authors  Top 
  • Timmermann, A.
  • An, S.-I.
  • Kug, J.-S.
  • Jin, F.-F.
  • Cai, W.
  • Capotondi, A.
  • Cobb, K.M.
  • Lengaigne, M.
  • McPhaden, M.J.
  • Stuecker, M.F.
  • Stein, K.
  • Wittenberg, A.T.
  • Yun, K.-S.
  • Bayr, T.
  • Chen, H.-C.
  • Chikamoto, Y.
  • Dewitte, B.
  • Dommenget, D.
  • Grothe, P.
  • Guilyardi, E.
  • Ham, Y.-G.
  • Hayashi, M.
  • Ineson, S.
  • Kang, D.
  • Kim, S.
  • Kim, W.
  • Lee, J.-Y.
  • Li, T.
  • Luo, J.-J.
  • McGregor, S.
  • Planton, Y.
  • Power, S.
  • Rashid, H.
  • Ren, H.-L.
  • Santoso, A.
  • Takahashi, K.
  • Todd, A.
  • Wang, G.
  • Wang, G.
  • Xie, R.
  • Yang, W.-H.
  • Yeh, S.-W.
  • Yoon, J.
  • Zeller, E.
  • Zhang, X.
Abstract
    El Niño events are characterized by surface warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean and weakening of equatorial trade winds that occur every few years. Such conditions are accompanied by changes in atmospheric and oceanic circulation, affecting global climate, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, fisheries and human activities. The alternation of warm El Niño and cold La Niña conditions, referred to as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), represents the strongest year-to-year fluctuation of the global climate system. Here we provide a synopsis of our current understanding of the spatio-temporal complexity of this important climate mode and its influence on the Earth system.
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