The wise man and the sea: epicureans on sea storms, shipwreck, and chance
In: Greece & Rome. Cambridge University press: Cambridge. ISSN 0017-3835; e-ISSN 1477-4550, more
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Epicureanism; Diogenes of Oenoanda; Philodemus; sea travel; chance; rational calculus |
| Abstract |
The idea that the sea is a dangerous and alien element in which one is at the mercy of higher powers, is deeply imbedded in Mediterranean culture, and has many parallels in Greek and Roman literature. From an Epicurean point of view, however, such higher powers belong to the realm of irrational beliefs which could threaten one's ἀταραξία (‘peace of mind’). What counts in Epicureanism is the rational calculus of all factors in order to minimize the influence of τύχη (‘chance’) on one's endeavours. This article explores how the Epicureans thought about the sea and its many dangers. It tries to establish under which circumstances the sage will travel by sea and gives special attention to Diogenes of Oenoanda's letter (fr. 71 + NF 214 + fr. 72 + fr. 70) about the shipwreck of Niceratus and his friends’ failure to minimize the agency of chance.
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