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WoRMS taxon details

Spionidae Grube, 1850

913  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:913)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Annelida (Phylum)
  4. Polychaeta (Class)
  5. Sedentaria (Subclass)
  6. Canalipalpata (Infraclass)
  7. Spionida (Order)
  8. Spioniformia (Suborder)
  9. Spionidae (Family)
accepted
Family
Polydoridae Benham, 1896 · unaccepted (unused at family rank, some...)  
unused at family rank, some informal use downgraded to tribe Polydorini

Ordering

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Children Display

  1. Genus Aciculaspio Blake & Ramey-Balci, 2020
  2. Genus Amphipolydora Blake, 1983
  3. Genus Aonidella López-Jamar, 1989
  4. Genus Aonides Claparède, 1864
  5. Genus Apoprionospio Foster, 1969
  6. Genus Atherospio Mackie & Duff, 1986
  7. Genus Aurospio Maciolek, 1981
  8. Genus Australospio Blake & Kudenov, 1978
  9. Genus Boccardia Carazzi, 1893
  10. Genus Boccardiella Blake & Kudenov, 1978
  11. Genus Carazziella Blake & Kudenov, 1978
  12. Genus Dipolydora Verrill, 1881
  13. Genus Dispio Hartman, 1951
  14. Genus Glandulospio Meißner, Bick, Guggolz & Götting, 2014
  15. Genus Glyphochaeta Bick, 2005
  16. Genus Laonice Malmgren, 1867
  17. Genus Laubieriellus Maciolek, 1981
  18. Genus Lindaspio Blake & Maciolek, 1992
  19. Genus Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843
  20. Genus Marenzelleria Mesnil, 1896
  21. Genus Microspio Mesnil, 1896
  22. Genus Orthoprionospio Blake & Kudenov, 1978
  23. Genus Paraprionospio Caullery, 1914
  24. Genus Polydora Bosc, 1802
  25. Genus Polydorella Augener, 1914
  26. Genus Prionospio Malmgren, 1867
  27. Genus Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881
  28. Genus Pygophyllum Schmarda, 1861
  29. Genus Pygospio Claparède, 1863
  30. Genus Pygospiopsis Blake, 1983
  31. Genus Rhynchospio Hartman, 1936
  32. Genus Scolecolepides Ehlers, 1907
  33. Genus Scolelepis Blainville, 1828
  34. Genus Spio Fabricius, 1785
  35. Genus Spiogalea Aguirrezabalaga & Ceberio, 2005
  36. Genus Spiophanella Fauchald & Hancock, 1981
  37. Genus Spiophanes Grube, 1860
  38. Genus Streblospio Webster, 1879
  39. Genus Tripolydora Woodwick, 1964
  40. Genus Xandaros Maciolek, 1981
  41. Genus Anaspio Chamberlin, 1920 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
  42. Genus Aonis sensu Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 [Not Savigny, 1822] accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (misapplication of Savigny's genus for Nereis caeca (Nephtyidae))
  43. Genus Aonopsis Wagner, 1885 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  44. Genus Aquilaspio Foster, 1971 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonymy)
  45. Genus Aricideopsis Johnson, 1901 accepted as Laonice Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
  46. Genus Asetocalamyzas Tzetlin, 1985 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (dwarf male of a spionid, not a parasitic syllid as originally described)
  47. Genus Colobranchus Schmarda, 1861 accepted as Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843 (subjective synonym)
  48. Genus Ctenospio Sars, 1867 (unaccepted > nomen nudum)
  49. Genus Euspio McIntosh, 1915 accepted as Spio Fabricius, 1785 (subjective synonym)
  50. Genus Hekaterobranchus Buchanan, 1890 accepted as Streblospio Webster, 1879 (subjective synonym)
  51. Genus Kinbergella McIntosh, 1909 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
  52. Genus Leipoceras Möbius, 1874 accepted as Dipolydora Verrill, 1881 (subjective synonymy of the type species)
  53. Genus Leucodore Johnston, 1838 accepted as Polydora Bosc, 1802 (subjective synonym)
  54. Genus Leucodorum [misspelling for Leucodore] accepted as Polydora Bosc, 1802 (deliberate misspelling)
  55. Genus Mandane Kinberg, 1866 accepted as Laonice Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
  56. Genus Mesospio Gravier, 1911 accepted as Microspio Mesnil, 1896 (subjective synonym)
  57. Genus Minuspio Foster, 1971 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
  58. Genus Morants Chamberlin, 1919 accepted as Spiophanes Grube, 1860 (subjective synonym)
  59. Genus Neoboccardia Buzhinskaja, 1985 accepted as Boccardia Carazzi, 1893 (subjective synonym)
  60. Genus Neopygospio Berkeley & Berkeley, 1954 accepted as Pseudopolydora Czerniavsky, 1881 (subjective synonym)
  61. Genus Nerine Johnston, 1838 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (subjective synonym)
  62. Genus Nerinides Mesnil, 1896 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (subjective synonym)
  63. Genus Paraboccardia Rainer, 1973 accepted as Boccardia Carazzi, 1893 (subjective synonym)
  64. Genus Paraspio Czerniavsky, 1881 accepted as Spio Fabricius, 1785 (subjective synonym)
  65. Genus Pasithoe Rafinesque, 1815 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, name only, no description, no species)
  66. Genus Periptyches Grube, 1873 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
  67. Genus Pseudatherospio Lovell, 1994 accepted as Pygospiopsis Blake, 1983 (subjective synonym)
  68. Genus Pseudomalacoceros Czerniavsky, 1881 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (subjective synonym)
  69. Genus Pseudonerine Augener, 1926 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (junior homonym, subjective synonym)
  70. Genus Pteriptyches [auct. misspelling for 'Periptyches] accepted as Periptyches Grube, 1873 accepted as Prionospio Malmgren, 1867 (subsequent author misspelling)
  71. Genus Scolecolepis Malmgren, 1867 accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (unjustified spelling emendation of Scolelepis Blainville, 1828)
  72. Genus Scolepis [auctt.] accepted as Scolelepis Blainville, 1828 (misspelling)
  73. Genus Spionereis Sars, 1853 (unaccepted > nomen nudum, unavailable as no description)
  74. Genus Spionides Webster & Benedict, 1887 accepted as Laonice Malmgren, 1867 (subjective synonym)
  75. Genus Uncinia Quatrefages, 1866 accepted as Malacoceros Quatrefages, 1843 (subjective synonym)
  76. Genus Cheironotus Costa, 1861 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, disused name, with type species unidentifiable)
  77. Genus Nerinopsis Ehlers, 1912 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, based on an indeterminable spionid planktonic larva)
  78. Genus Perialla Kinberg, 1866 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, candidate nomen oblitum as senior subjective synonym)
  79. Genus Polybranchia Potts, 1928 (uncertain > nomen dubium, unreplaced junior homonym; based on an unidentifiable species )
  80. Genus Pseudonerine Czerniavsky, 1881 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, type species unidentifiable)
  81. Genus Spione Örsted, 1845 (uncertain > taxon inquirendum, indeterminable type species with no type)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
recent only
Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin.</em> 16(1): 249-364., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6958350
page(s): 314; note: originally as Spiodea [details] 
Read, G.; Fauchald, K. (Ed.) (2024). World Polychaeta Database. Spionidae Grube, 1850. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=913 on 2024-11-16
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
db_admin
2008-03-26 11:36:43Z
changed
Fauchald, Kristian
2018-06-24 14:11:57Z
changed
Gil, João

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description Grube, Adolf Eduard. (1850). Die Familien der Anneliden. <em>Archiv für Naturgeschichte, Berlin.</em> 16(1): 249-364., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6958350
page(s): 314; note: originally as Spiodea [details] 

original description (of Polydoridae Benham, 1896) Benham, W.B. 1896. The Archiannelida, Polychaeta, Myzostomaria, in S.F. Harmer and A.E. Shipley eds., The Cambridge Natural History: England, MacMillan and Co., Ltd., p. 241-344.
page(s): 323; note: for Polydora [details] 

identification resource Fauchald, K. (1977). The polychaete worms, definitions and keys to the orders, families and genera. <em>Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County: Los Angeles, CA (USA), Science Series.</em> 28:1-188., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/123110.pdf [details] 

identification resource Blake, J.A. 1996. Family Spionidae Grube, 1850. pages 81-223. IN: Blake, James A.; Hilbig, Brigitte; and Scott, Paul H. Taxonomic Atlas of the Benthic Fauna of the Santa Maria Basin and Western Santa Barbara Channel. 6 - The Annelida Part 3. Polychaeta: Orbiniidae to Cossuridae. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. Santa Barbara [details] 

identification resource Blake, J.A. 1980. Polychaeta Spionidae from American and Antarctic Seas. American Zoologist 20(4): 264. [details] 

identification resource Maciolek Blake, Nancy. 1983: Systematics of Atlantic Spionidae (Annelida: Polychaeta) with special reference to deep-water species. Ph. D. thesis. Boston University [details] 

identification resource Abe, Hirokazu; Sato-Okoshi, Waka. (2021). Molecular identification and larval morphology of spionid polychaetes (Annelida, Spionidae) from northeastern Japan. <em>ZooKeys.</em> 1015: 1-86., available online at https://zookeys.pensoft.net/article/54387/list/9/
note: keys and photos of larvae [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
From editor or global species database
Classification Classification of Spionidae into subfamilies has been relatively little used as, apart from the Polydora-group of genera, the groupings are not obvious. The Polydora-group are also seen as tribe Polydorini (polydorins) following Benham (1896) who created Polydoridae solely for the genus Polydora, based on the chaetiger 5 spines and a lack of branchiae on chaetigers 1-5.
Mesnil (1896) analysed the relationship of existing spionid genera, but did not assign subgroup names to them. Mesnil (1897) removed Disoma (now Trochochaeta) from Spionidae to Disomidae (now Trochochaetidae).

Söderström (1920) created subfamilies Spioninae, Nerininae, and Laonicinae.
Spioninae Söderström included Spio, Microspio, Pygospio, and Polydora (Boccardia was not mentioned, but it would also include Boccardia and the other Polydora-group genera). According to Blake (1996:82) these genera had thin-membraned eggs, long-headed sperm, and egg capsules, whereas all other spionids had thick-membraned eggs and short-headed sperm.
Nerininae Söderström included Nerine (now Scolelepis or Malacoceros), Colobranchus (now Malacoceros), Scolecolepis (now Scolelepis), and Aonides. Thus the current genera are Scolelepis, Malacoceros, and Aonides.
Laonicinae Söderström included Laonice, Prionospio, and Spiophanes.

As there are now about 40 valid Spionidae genera, Söderström's classification would require a new analysis to apply it further. Blake & Arnofsky (1999) could confirm only a clade for subfamily Spioninae in their morphological analysis. As yet (May 2021) there appears to be no molecular analysis which examines the relationship of the main spionid genera, or genera in apparently closely related families.

 [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
English spiosspionidsspionid worms  [details]
German Haarwürmer  [details]
Japanese スピオ科  [details]
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Spionidae) 
To Genbank 
To Global Biotic Interactions (GloBI) 
To The Arctic Traits Database (31 traits) 
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 095717) 
To ITIS
Unreviewed
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 095717)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 095717)
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