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Fish intake during pregnancy, fetal growth, and gestational length in 19 European birth cohort studies
Leventakou, V.; Roumeliotaki, T.; Martinez, D.; Barros, H.; Brantsaeter, A.-L.; Casas, M.; Charles, M.-A.; Cordier, S.; Eggesbo, M.; van Eijsden, M.; Forastiere, F.; Gehring, U.; Govarts, E.; Halldorsson, T.I.; Hanke, W.; Haugen, M.; Heppe, D.H.M.; Heude, B.; Inskip, H.M.; Jaddoe, V.W.V.; Jansen, M.; Kelleher, C.; Meltzer, H.M.; Merletti, F.; Molto-Puigmarti, C.; Mommers, M.; Murcia, M.; Oliveira, A.; Olsen, S.F.; Pelé, F.; Polanska, K.; Porta, D.; Richiardi, L.; Robinson, S.M.; Stigum, H.; Strom, M.; Sunyer, J.; Thijs, C.; Viljoen, K.; Vrijkotte, T.G.M.; Wijga, A.H.; Kogevinas, M.; Vrijheid, M.; Chatzi, L. (2014). Fish intake during pregnancy, fetal growth, and gestational length in 19 European birth cohort studies. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 99(3): 506-516. https://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.113.067421
In: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. AMER SOC NUTRITION-ASN: Bethesda. ISSN 0002-9165; e-ISSN 1938-3207
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  • Leventakou, V.
  • Roumeliotaki, T.
  • Martinez, D.
  • Barros, H.
  • Brantsaeter, A.-L.
  • Casas, M.
  • Charles, M.-A.
  • Cordier, S.
  • Eggesbo, M.
  • van Eijsden, M.
  • Forastiere, F.
  • Gehring, U.
  • Govarts, E.
  • Halldorsson, T.I.
  • Hanke, W.
  • Haugen, M.
  • Heppe, D.H.M.
  • Heude, B.
  • Inskip, H.M.
  • Jaddoe, V.W.V.
  • Jansen, M.
  • Kelleher, C.
  • Meltzer, H.M.
  • Merletti, F.
  • Molto-Puigmarti, C.
  • Mommers, M.
  • Murcia, M.
  • Oliveira, A.
  • Olsen, S.F.
  • Pelé, F.
  • Polanska, K.
  • Porta, D.
  • Richiardi, L.
  • Robinson, S.M.
  • Stigum, H.
  • Strom, M.
  • Sunyer, J.
  • Thijs, C.
  • Viljoen, K.
  • Vrijkotte, T.G.M.
  • Wijga, A.H.
  • Kogevinas, M.
  • Vrijheid, M.
  • Chatzi, L.
Abstract
    Background: Fish is a rich source of essential nutrients for fetal development, but in contrast, it is also a well-known route of exposure to environmental pollutants. Objective: We assessed whether fish intake during pregnancy is associated with fetal growth and the length of gestation in a panel of European birth cohort studies. Design: The study sample of 151,880 mother-child pairs was derived from 19 population-based European birth cohort studies. Individual data from cohorts were pooled and harmonized. Adjusted cohort-specific effect estimates were combined by using a random-and fixed-effects meta-analysis. Results: Women who ate fish >1 time/wk during pregnancy had lower risk of preterm birth than did women who rarely ate fish (<= 1 time/wk); the adjusted RR of fish intake >1 but <3 times/wk was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.92), and for intake >= 3 times/wk, the adjusted RR was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.96). Women with a higher intake of fish during pregnancy gave birth to neonates with a higher birth weight by 8.9 g (95% CI: 3.3, 14.6 g) for >1 but <3 times/wk and 15.2 g (95% CI: 8.9, 21.5 g) for >= 3 times/wk independent of gestational age. The association was greater in smokers and in overweight or obese women. Findings were consistent across cohorts. Conclusion: This large, international study indicates that moderate fish intake during pregnancy is associated with lower risk of preterm birth and a small but significant increase in birth weight.
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