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The hidden costs of multi-use at sea
Ciravegna, E.; van Hoof, L.; Frier, C.; Maes, F.; Rasmussen, H.B.; Soete, A.; van den Burg, S.W.K. (2024). The hidden costs of multi-use at sea. Mar. Policy 161: 106017. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106017
In: Marine Policy. Elsevier: UK. ISSN 0308-597X; e-ISSN 1872-9460, more
Peer reviewed article  

Available in  Authors 

Keyword
    Marine/Coastal
Author keywords
    Marine multi-use; Transaction costs; Governance

Authors  Top 
  • Ciravegna, E.
  • van Hoof, L.
  • Frier, C.
  • Maes, F., more
  • Rasmussen, H.B.
  • Soete, A., more
  • van den Burg, S.W.K.

Abstract
    As ocean space increasingly is used for production purposes, such as for the production of food and feed, renewable energy and resource mining, competition for space becomes a concern. A spatial solution to this is to co -locate activities in a multi -use setting. Next to the direct (financial) costs and benefits of multi -use and the societal cost and benefits, there are other factors, in the realm of legal aspects, insurance, health and safety issues and the overall governance of multi -use, that determine whether multi -use can be implemented successfully. This includes transaction costs that arise when for example non -adequate regulation, governance and insurance schemes are in place. Based on the analysis of five case studies across Europe these combined/collective transaction costs of multi -use are analysed and suggestions how to reduce and/or overcome these transaction costs are presented.

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