original description
(of Lumbricus echiurus Pallas, 1766) Pallas, P.S. (1766) Miscellanea zoologica. Quibus novae imprimis atque obscurae animalium species describuntur et observationibus iconibusque illustrantur. Petrum van Cleef. Hagí Comitum., xii + 224 pp.;14 pls., available online at https://archive.org/details/pspallasmedicina00pall
page(s): 146-151, plate 11, figures 1-6 (164 pdf); note: location not stated but Miscellanea zoologica is based on Pallas's time living at The Hague, Netherlands. [details] 
original description
(of Echiurus chrysacanthophorus (Couthouy, 1838)) Couthouy, J. P. (1838). Descriptions of new species of Mollusca and shells, and remarks on several Polypii, found in Massachussets Bay. <em>Boston Journal of Natural History.</em> 2(1): 53-111., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/32266711
page(s): 58; note: as Holothuria chrysacanthophora [details]
original description
(of Echiurus gaertnerii Quatrefages, 1847) Quatrefages, Armand de. (1847). Etudes sur les types inférieurs de l'embranchement des Annelés. Mémoire sur l'Echiure de Gaertner (Echiurus gaertnerii Nob.). <em>Annales des sciences naturelles, Paris, 3rd Series, Zoologie.</em> 7: 307-343, plate 6., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13406375
page(s): 309 [details]
original description
(of Echiurus luetkenii Diesing, 1859) Diesing, K. M. (1859). Revision der Rhyngodeen. <em>Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe.</em> 37: 719–782., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/6441320
page(s): 777. [details]
original description
(of Thalassema vulgaris Savigny, 1822) Savigny, Jules-César. (1822). Système des annélides, principalement de celles des côtes de l'Égypte et de la Syrie, offrant les caractères tant distinctifs que naturels des Ordres, Familles et Genres, avec la Description des Espèces. <em>Description de l'Égypte ou Recueil des Observations et des Recherches qui ont été faites en Égypte pendant l'Expédition de l'Armée Française, publié par les Ordres de sa Majesté l'Empereur Napoléon le Grand, Histoire Naturelle, Paris.</em> 1(3):1–128., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/41329897
page(s): 102. [details]
original description
(of Echiurus forcipatus (Fabricius, 1780)) Fabricius, O. (1780). Fauna Groenlandica, systematice sistens animalia groenlandiae occidentalis hactenus indagata, quoad nomen specificium, triviale, vernaculumque, synonyma auctorum plurimum, descriptionem, locum, victum, generationem, mores, usum capturamque singuli, pro ut detegendi occasio fuit, maximaque parte secundum proprias observationes. <em>Hafniae [= Copenhagen] & Lipsiae [= Leipzig], Ioannis Gottlob Rothe.</em> xvi + 452 pp., 1 pl., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/13442285
page(s): 357; note: as Holothuria forcipata [details]
original description
(of Thalassema (Echiurus) pallasii (Guérin-Méneville, 1831)) Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1831). Zoophytes In: Iconographie du règne animal de G. Cuvier : ou, Représentation d'après nature de l'une des espèces les plus et souvent non encore figurées de chaque genre d'animaux. <em>[Book, 3 volumes].</em> volume 2 & 3. B. Baillière (1829-1844)., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27814151
page(s): 9 [details]
original description
(of Echiurus pallasii Guérin-Méneville, 1831) Guérin-Méneville, F.E. (1831). Zoophytes In: Iconographie du règne animal de G. Cuvier : ou, Représentation d'après nature de l'une des espèces les plus et souvent non encore figurées de chaque genre d'animaux. <em>[Book, 3 volumes].</em> volume 2 & 3. B. Baillière (1829-1844)., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27814151
page(s): Plate 11, figure caption, figures 1-6; note: No description, name and figures only. [details]
context source (HKRMS)
Proud, A. J. (1977). An ecological survey of the D' Aguilar Peninsula, Hong Kong, with recommendations for its future management. Mphil thesis. The University of Hong Kong. [details]
additional source
Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS). , available online at http://www.itis.gov [details]
additional source
Wesenberg-Lund, E. (1933). The collections of gephyreans in the Royal Museum of Natural History of Belgium. <em>Bulletin du Musée Royal d'Histoire Naturelle de Belgique.</em> 9(6): 1–16., available online at http://biblio.naturalsciences.be/rbins-publications/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum/bulletin-of-the-royal-belgian-natural-history-museum-1930-1948/wesenberg-lund_collections_1933 [details] Available for editors 
[request]
additional source
van der Land, J. (ed). (2008). UNESCO-IOC Register of Marine Organisms (URMO). , available online at http://www.marinespecies.org/urmo/ [details]
additional source
van der Land, J. (2001). Echiura, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 178 (look up in IMIS)
note: checklist item [details]
additional source
Brunel, P., L. Bosse & G. Lamarche. (1998). Catalogue of the marine invertebrates of the estuary and Gulf of St. Lawrence. <em>Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 126.</em> 405 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors [request]
additional source
Pallas, P. S. (1774). Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P.S. Pallas. <em>[Book series, 14 volumes].</em> Fasciculus 10, pp. 1–41, 4 plates., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27823183 [details]
additional source
Murina, Vantsetti. List of Echiura. [details]
additional source
Satô, H. (1939). Studies on the Echiuroidea, Sipunculoidea and Priapuloidea of Japan. <em>Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Fourth Series, Biology.</em> 14 (4): 339–460, plates XIX–XXIII. [details]
additional source
Cutler, E.B. (2009). Phylum Echiura: spoon worms, in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia. pp. 308-311. [details]
additional source
Biseswar, Ramlall. (2019). The echiuran fauna of southern Africa (Class: Echiura, Phylum: Annelida). <em>African Zoology.</em> 54(2): 73–90., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/15627020.2019.1600429 [details] Available for editors [request]
Unreviewed
Distribution The species is widely distributed in the arctic both in the Northern part of the North Atlantic and in the North Pacific. It is found as far south as at 45,0 N. Lat. it is especiallly common in Danish waters, the North sea, and is reported from the Channel both from England, Belgium and France; from the Atlantic coast of France it is only reported once from Charente- Inférieure. [details]
Distribution southern Gaspe waters (Baie des Chaleurs, Gaspe Bay to American, Orphan and Bradelle banks; eastern boundary: eastern Bradelle Valley) [details]
Habitat shelf [details]
Habitat circalittoral of the Gulf and estuary [details]
From editor or global species database
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