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WoRMS taxon details

Pennatula Linnaeus, 1758

Pennella filosa from Brian, A 1906
Pennella filosa from Brian, A 1906

128495  (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:128495)

  1. Biota
  2. Animalia (Kingdom)
  3. Cnidaria (Phylum)
  4. Anthozoa (Subphylum)
  5. Octocorallia (Class)
  6. Scleralcyonacea (Order)
  7. Pennatuloidea (Superfamily)
  8. Pennatulidae (Family)
  9. Pennatula (Genus)
accepted
Genus
Pennatula filosa Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (type by original designation)
Penna Bohadsch, 1761 · unaccepted (suppressed by IZCN for...)  
suppressed by IZCN for nomenclatural uses
Phosphorella Gray, 1870 · unaccepted (synonym)

Ordering

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Children Display

  1. Species Pennatula aculeata Danielssen, 1860
  2. Species Pennatula delicata Tixier-Durivault, 1966
  3. Species Pennatula fimbriata Herklots, 1858
  4. Species Pennatula indica Thomson & Henderson, 1906
  5. Species Pennatula mollis Alder, 1867
  6. Species Pennatula murrayi Kölliker, 1880
  7. Species Pennatula naresi Kölliker, 1880
  8. Species Pennatula pearceyi Kölliker, 1880
  9. Species Pennatula phosphorea Linnaeus, 1758
  10. Species Pennatula prolifera Jungersen, 1904
  11. Species Pennatula rubra Ellis, 1764
  12. Species Pennatula americana Moroff, 1902 accepted as Pennatula aculeata Danielssen, 1860 (synonym)
  13. Species Pennatula antennina Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  14. Species Pennatula argentea Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Pteroeides argenteum (Ellis & Solander, 1786) (original combination)
  15. Species Pennatula argentina Acuña & Zamponi, 1992 accepted as Anthoptilum grandiflorum (Verrill, 1879) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  16. Species Pennatula bayeri Castro & Medeiros, 2001 accepted as Pennatula bellissima Fowler, 1888 accepted as Ptilella bellissima (Fowler, 1888) (synonym)
  17. Species Pennatula bellissima Fowler, 1888 accepted as Ptilella bellissima (Fowler, 1888) (original combination)
  18. Species Pennatula borealis Sars, 1846 accepted as Pennatula grandis Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Ptilella grandis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  19. Species Pennatula cynomorium Pallas, 1766 accepted as Veretillum cynomorium (Pallas, 1766) (original combination)
  20. Species Pennatula distorta Koren & Danielssen, 1877 accepted as Pennatula phosphorea Linnaeus, 1758 (synonym)
  21. Species Pennatula encrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) accepted as Umbellula encrinus (Linnaeus, 1758) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  22. Species Pennatula filosa Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758) (original combination)
  23. Species Pennatula grandis Ehrenberg, 1834 accepted as Ptilella grandis (Ehrenberg, 1834) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  24. Species Pennatula granulosa Blainville, 1834 accepted as Pennatula rubra Ellis, 1764 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  25. Species Pennatula hydropica Cuvier MS in Kölliker, 1869 accepted as Pteroeides hydropicum (Cuvier, 1869) accepted as Pteroeides esperi Herklots, 1858 (synonym)
  26. Species Pennatula inflata Kükenthal, 1910 accepted as Ptilella inflata (Kükenthal, 1910) (original combination)
  27. Species Pennatula juncea Pallas, 1766 accepted as Virgularia juncea (Pallas, 1766) (original combination)
  28. Species Pennatula mirabilis Müller, 1776 accepted as Virgularia mirabilis (Müller, 1776) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  29. Species Pennatula moseleyi Kölliker, 1880 accepted as Alloptilella moseleyi (Kölliker, 1880) (New combination)
  30. Species Pennatula phalloides Pallas, 1766 accepted as Lituaria phalloides (Pallas, 1766) (original combination)
  31. Species Pennatula quadrangularis Pallas, 1766 accepted as Funiculina quadrangularis (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  32. Species Pennatula reniformis Pallas, 1766 accepted as Renilla reniformis (Pallas, 1766) (unaccepted > superseded combination, oriiginal combination)
  33. Species Pennatula sagitta Linnaeus, 1758 accepted as Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758) (original combination)
  34. Species Pennatula setacea Esper, 1794 accepted as Pennatula rubra Ellis, 1764 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  35. Species Pennatula spinosa Ellis & Solander, 1786 accepted as Pteroeides spinosum (Ellis & Solander, 1786) accepted as Pteroeides griseum (Bohadsch, 1761) (synonym)
  36. Species Pennatula splendens Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Scytalium martensii Kölliker, 1870 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  37. Species Pennatula stellifera Müller, 1776 accepted as Kophobelemnon stelliferum (Müller, 1776) (unaccepted > superseded combination, original combination)
  38. Species Pennatula undulata (Verrill, 1865) accepted as Ptilosarcus undulatus (Verrill, 1865) (unaccepted > superseded combination)
  39. Species Pennatula veneris Thomson & Henderson, 1906 accepted as Scytalium sarsii Herklots, 1858 (unaccepted > junior subjective synonym)
  40. Species Pennatula alata Studer, 1894 (uncertain)
  41. Species Pennatula brevipenna Nutting, 1912 (uncertain)
  42. Species Pennatula flava Nutting, 1908 (uncertain)
  43. Species Pennatula grysea Pallas, 1766 (uncertain)
  44. Species Pennatula inermis Nutting, 1912 (uncertain, may belong to Scytalium)
  45. Species Pennatula koellikeri Studer, 1894 (uncertain)
  46. Species Pennatula longistyla Nutting, 1912 (uncertain)
  47. Species Pennatula pallida Nutting, 1908 (uncertain)
  48. Species Pennatula pendula Thomson & Henderson, 1906 (uncertain)
  49. Species Pennatula pulchella Herklots, 1858 accepted as Pennatula phosphorea var. lancifolia variegata Kölliker, 1869 (uncertain, synonym)
  50. Species Pennatula rubescens Nutting, 1912 (uncertain)
  51. Species Pennatula sanguinea Nutting, 1908 (uncertain)
  52. Species Pennatula scirpea Pallas, 1766 (uncertain)
  53. Species Pennatula sulcata Kölliker, 1880 accepted as Pennatula fimbriata Herklots, 1858 (uncertain, synonym)
  54. Species Pennatula targionii Richiardi, 1869 (uncertain)
  55. Species Pennatula tenua Gabb, 1862 accepted as Ptilosarcus gurneyi (Gray, 1860) (uncertain, synonym)
marine, brackish, fresh, terrestrial
Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]
Homonymy Linnaeus's Pennatula 1758 is a good name for the cnidarians, as this was used first. This homonym of the copepods was...  
Homonymy Linnaeus's Pennatula 1758 is a good name for the cnidarians, as this was used first. This homonym of the copepods was created when they were tacked on just because they kind of looked like the cnidarians. Linnaeus did not have a clue. This name is enshrined in the coelenterate order Pennatulacea, where the genus is still found, unburdened by parasitic copepods.

The first of these Linnaean copepod species was Pennatula filosa, taken from the Mediterranean swordfish. The second was Pennatula sagitta, found on the sargassum fish. Subsequent investigators mentioned that Linnaeus’s host notations were about the only useful characteristics he provided (Stebbing 1905). Since Linnaeus’s time, other features have been defined, and both species are valid. Oken (1815), without knowing their true nature, but seeing that these parasites were not as “other” coral-like polyps, proposed the appropriate name Pennella, the “little feather,” for the copepods. Linnaeus’s species names are retained, so that the two species are now Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758), the type species of Oken's genus, and Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758), both now in the siphonostome family Pennellidae (see Kabata 1979). [details]
McFadden, C.S.; Cordeiro, R.; Williams, G.; van Ofwegen, L. (2024). World List of Octocorallia. Pennatula Linnaeus, 1758. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at: https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=128495 on 2024-12-16
Date
action
by
2004-12-21 15:54:05Z
created
Williams, Gary
2005-07-27 12:57:38Z
checked
Williams, Gary
2019-06-25 05:41:35Z
changed
Williams, Gary

Creative Commons License The webpage text is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License


original description Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. [The system of nature through the three kingdoms of nature, according to classes, orders, genera, species, with characters, differences, synonyms, places.]. <em>Impensis Direct. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm].</em> 1(10) [iii], 824 p., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

original description (of Phosphorella Gray, 1870) Gray, J.E. (1870). Catalogue of sea-pens or Pennatulariidae in the collection of the British Museum / by J.E. Gray. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/18487479
page(s): 20 [details] 

original description (of Penna Bohadsch, 1761) Bohadsch J.B. (1761). <i>De quibusdam animalibus marinis, corumque proprietatibus, orbi litterario vel nodum vel minus notis</i>. Dresden. 169 pp., 12 pls. , available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/29658105
page(s): 109 [details] 

basis of record Williams, G.C.; van der Land, J. (2001). Octocorallia - Pennatulacea. <em>in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification.</em> Collection Patrimoines Naturels 50: pp. 105-106. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Williams, G. Pennatulacea checklist for ERMS2. [details] 

additional source Williams, G.C. (1999). Index Pennatulacea: annotated bibliography and indexes of the Sea Pens (Coelenterata: Octocorallia) of the World 1469-1999. <em>Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci.</em> 51(2): 19-103, 1 fig., 14 plates. (look up in IMIS) [details] 

additional source Oken, L. (1815-1816). Lehrbuch der Naturgeschichte. Dritter Theil: Zoologie. <em>Erste Abtheilung: Fleischlose Thiere,Leipzig: C.H. Reclam & Jena: A. Schmid, [book (3rd vol part one, of 3 vols, including plates atlas of T.1, 1813].</em> xxviii + 842 pp. + xviii, 40 pls. L [copepods 180-184, 357-359, 4 plates]., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.166403 [details] OpenAccess publication

additional source Cairns, S.D., L. Gershwin, F.J. Brook, P. Pugh, E.W. Dawson, O.V.; Ocaña, W. Vervoort, G. Williams, J.E. Watson, D.M. Opresko, P. Schuchert, P.M. Hine, D.P. Gordon, H.I. Campbell, A.J. Wright, J.A.Sánchez & D.G. Fautin. (2009). Phylum Cnidaria: corals, medusae, hydroids, myxozoans. <em>in: Gordon, D.P. (Ed.) (2009). New Zealand inventory of biodiversity: 1. Kingdom Animalia: Radiata, Lophotrochozoa, Deuterostomia.</em> pp. 59-101., available online at https://repository.si.edu/handle/10088/8431 [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]

additional source López-González, P. J.; Williams, G. C. (2002). A new genus and species of sea pen (Octocorallia : Pennatulacea : Stachyptilidae) from the Antarctic Peninsula. <em>Invertebrate Systematics.</em> 16(6): 919-929., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/it01027
page(s): 926, 927 [details] 

additional source Hickson, S.J. (1916). The Pennatulacea of the Siboga Expedition with a general survey of the order. <em>Siboga Expeditie.</em> 14: 1-265, plates 1-10., available online at https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uc1.31822010548360&view=1up&seq=7
page(s): 181-198 [details] 

additional source Williams, G. C. (1997). Preliminary assessment of the phylogeny of Pennatulacea (Anthozoa: Octocorallia), with a reevaluation of Ediacaran frond-like fossils, and a synopsis of the history of evolutionary thought regarding the sea pens. Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Coelenterate Biology, 497-509
page(s): 497, 501, 502, 503, 505 [details] 

additional source Belcik, F. P. (1977). A distribution study of the Octocorallia of Oregon. Publications of the Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, 24(1-3): 49-52
page(s): 51 [details] 

additional source Imahara, Y. (2006). Preliminary report on the alcyonacean and pennatulacean octocorals collected by the natural history research of the Sagami Sea. Memoirs of the National Science Museum (Tokyo) [Kokuritsu Kagaku Hakubutsukan], 40, 91-101
page(s): 101 [details] 

additional source Kükenthal, W.; Broch, H. (1911). Pennatulacea. <em>Wissensch. Ergebn. Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition "Valdivia".</em> 13(1), 2: i-iv + 113-576, plates 13-29.
page(s): 348-350 [details] 

additional source Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  PDF available [request]
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
From editor or global species database
Homonymy Linnaeus's Pennatula 1758 is a good name for the cnidarians, as this was used first. This homonym of the copepods was created when they were tacked on just because they kind of looked like the cnidarians. Linnaeus did not have a clue. This name is enshrined in the coelenterate order Pennatulacea, where the genus is still found, unburdened by parasitic copepods.

The first of these Linnaean copepod species was Pennatula filosa, taken from the Mediterranean swordfish. The second was Pennatula sagitta, found on the sargassum fish. Subsequent investigators mentioned that Linnaeus’s host notations were about the only useful characteristics he provided (Stebbing 1905). Since Linnaeus’s time, other features have been defined, and both species are valid. Oken (1815), without knowing their true nature, but seeing that these parasites were not as “other” coral-like polyps, proposed the appropriate name Pennella, the “little feather,” for the copepods. Linnaeus’s species names are retained, so that the two species are now Pennella sagitta (Linnaeus, 1758), the type species of Oken's genus, and Pennella filosa (Linnaeus, 1758), both now in the siphonostome family Pennellidae (see Kabata 1979). [details]
    Definitions

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LanguageName 
Japanese ウミエラ［フトウミエラ］属  [details]
3x5 C.B. Wilson Taxonomic Card - Pennatula Document hosted within WoRMS 
3x5 J.S. Ho Taxonomic Card - Pennatula Document hosted within WoRMS 
To Biological Information System for Marine Life (BISMaL) 
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Pennatula) 
To Genbank 
To The Arctic Traits Database (2 traits) 
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 028257) 
To ITIS
From editor or global species database
Pennella filosa from Brian, A 1906
Pennella filosa from Brian, A 1906
Image from typetaxon
Pennella crassicornis from Brian, A 1906
Pennella crassicornis from Brian, A 1906
Image from typetaxon
Pennella rubra from Brian, A 1906
Pennella rubra from Brian, A 1906
Image from typetaxon
Unreviewed
Pennatula
Pennatula
Pennatula
Pennatula
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 028257)
To Yale Peabody Museum of Natural History (YPM IZ 028257)
Hosted externally
General coordination: Henning Reiss
Web site and database hosted by VLIZ