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NARMS taxon details

Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014

840689 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:840689)

  1. Biota
  2. Chromista
  3. Harosa
  4. Alveolata
  5. Myzozoa
  6. Dinozoa
  7. Dinoflagellata
  8. Dinophyceae
  9. Dinophyceae incertae sedis
  10. Levanderina
  11. Levanderina fissa
accepted
Species
Levanderina Ø.Moestrup, P.Hakanen, G.Hansen, N.Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014
marine
(of Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894) Levander, K.M. (1894). Materialien zur Kenntnis der Wasserfauna in der Umgebung Helsingfors, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Meeresfauna. I: Protozoa. <em>Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica.</em> 12(2): 3-155, 3 pls, 1 table. [details] 
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2025). AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway (taxonomic information republished from AlgaeBase with permission of M.D. Guiry). Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014. Accessed through: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025) European Register of Marine Species at: https://www.vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=840689 on 2026-07-07
Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2026). European Register of Marine Species. Levanderina fissa (Levander) Moestrup, Hakanen, Gert Hansen, Daugbjerg & M.Ellegaard, 2014. Accessed at: https://vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=840689 on 2026-07-07
Date
action
by
2015-03-31 10:06:03Z
created
db_admin
2015-06-26 12:00:51Z
changed
db_admin
2019-07-16 06:31:19Z
changed
db_admin

original description (of Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894) Levander, K.M. (1894). Materialien zur Kenntnis der Wasserfauna in der Umgebung Helsingfors, mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Meeresfauna. I: Protozoa. <em>Acta Societatis pro Fauna et Flora Fennica.</em> 12(2): 3-155, 3 pls, 1 table. [details] 

basis of record Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. (2026). AlgaeBase. <em>World-wide electronic publication, National University of Ireland, Galway.</em> searched on YYYY-MM-DD., available online at http://www.algaebase.org [details] 

new combination reference Moestrup, Ø.; Hakanen, P.; Hansen, G.; Daugbjerg, N.; Ellegaard, M. (2014). On <i>Levanderina fissa gen</i>. & <i>comb. nov</i>. (Dinophyceae) (syn. <i>Gymnodinium fissum</i>, <i>Gyrodinium instriatum</i>, <i>Gyr. uncatenum</i>), a dinoflagellate with a very unusual sulcus. <em>Phycologia.</em> 53(3): 265-292., available online at https://doi.org/10.2216/13-254.1 [details] 

ecology source Biecheler, B. (1952). Recherches sur les Péridiniens. <em>Bulletin biologique de la France et de la Belgique. Supplément.</em> 36: 1-149. [details] 

ecology source Leles, S. G.; Mitra, A.; Flynn, K. J.; Tillmann, U.; Stoecker, D.; Jeong, H. J.; Burkholder, J.; Hansen, P. J.; Caron, D. A.; Glibert, P. M.; Hallegraeff, G.; Raven, J. A.; Sanders, R. W.; Zubkov, M. (2019). Sampling bias misrepresents the biogeographical significance of constitutive mixotrophs across global oceans. <em>Global Ecology and Biogeography.</em> 28(4): 418-428., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12853 [details] Available for editors  PDF available

ecology source Mitra, A.; Caron, D. A.; Faure, E.; Flynn, K. J.; Leles, S. G.; Hansen, P. J.; McManus, G. B.; Not, F.; Do Rosario Gomes, H.; Santoferrara, L. F.; Stoecker, D. K.; Tillmann, U. (2023). The Mixoplankton Database (MDB): Diversity of photo-phago-trophic plankton in form, function, and distribution across the global ocean. <em>Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology.</em> 70(4)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12972 [details] OpenAccess publication

ecology source Bockstahler, K. R.; Coats, D. W. (1993). Grazing of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium sanguineum on ciliate populations of Chesapeake Bay. <em>Marine Biology.</em> 116(3): 477-487., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00350065 [details] 

ecology source Uchida, T.; Kamiyama, T.; Matsuyama, Y. (1997). Predation by a photosynthetic dinoflagellate <i>Gyrodinium instriatum</i> on loricated ciliates. <em>Journal of Plankton Research.</em> 19(5): 603-608., available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/plankt/19.5.603 [details] 
 
 Present  Inaccurate  Introduced: alien  Containing type locality 
   

    Definitions

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Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase (from synonym Gyrodinium fissum (Levander) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921)
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase (from synonym Gyrodinium pavillardii Biecheler, 1952)
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase (from synonym Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894)
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase (from synonym Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt) Hallegraeff, 2002)
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase (from synonym Gyrodinium uncatenum Hulburt, 1957)
Published in AlgaeBase Logo AlgaeBase 
To Barcode of Life 
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (1 publication) (from synonym Gyrodinium fissum (Levander) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (5 publications) (from synonym Gyrodinium uncatenum Hulburt, 1957)
To Biodiversity Heritage Library (7 publications) (from synonym Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894)
To Dyntaxa (from synonym Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894)
To Dyntaxa (from synonym Gyrodinium uncatenum Hulburt, 1957)
To European Nucleotide Archive, ENA (Levanderina fissa) 
To GenBank (66 nucleotides; 3 proteins) 
To GenBank (66 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt) Hallegraeff, 2002)
To GenBank (66 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Gyrodinium uncatenum Hulburt, 1957)
To GenBank (66 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Gyrodinium fissum (Levander) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921)
To GenBank (66 nucleotides; 3 proteins) (from synonym Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894)
To PESI (from synonym Gymnodinium uncatenatum (Hulburt) Hallegraeff, 2002)
To PESI (from synonym Gyrodinium uncatenum Hulburt, 1957)
To PESI (from synonym Gymnodinium fissum Levander, 1894)
To PESI (from synonym Gyrodinium fissum (Levander) Kofoid & Swezy, 1921)
To PESI (from synonym Gyrodinium pavillardii Biecheler, 1952)