original descriptionGmelin, J. F. (1791). Caroli a Linné Systema Naturae, ed. 13. Tome 1(6). Vermes. G. E. Beer, Lipsiae [Leipzig]. pp. 3021-3910. , available online athttp://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/83098#5 page(s): 3475 [details]
additional sourcePilsbry, H. A. & McGinty, T. L. (1939). Small Cassididae of Florida and the West Indies. <em>The Nautilus.</em> 52(3): 73-77, pl. 5, figs. 1-6., available online athttps://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8284581 page(s): 77 [details]