North Atlantic Register of Marine Species (NARMS)

NARMS taxon details

Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758)

AphiaID

100803 (urn:lsid:marinespecies.org:taxname:100803)

Classification

Status

accepted

Rank

Species

Parent

Actinia Linnaeus, 1767

Original name

Priapus equinus Linnaeus, 1758

Direct children (1)

Ordering

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Subspecies Actinia equina mediterranea Schmidt, 1971 accepted as Actinia mediterranea Schmidt, 1971

Environment

marine, ~~terrestrial~~

Original description

(of ) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors

Taxonomic citation

Rodríguez, E.; Fautin, D; Daly, M. (2025). World List of Actiniaria. Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed through: Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2025) European Register of Marine Species at: http://marbef.org//marbef.org/data/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=100803 on 2026-06-06

Regional species database citation

Costello, M.J.; Bouchet, P.; Boxshall, G.; Arvanitidis, C.; Appeltans, W. (2026). European Register of Marine Species. Actinia equina (Linnaeus, 1758). Accessed at: https://vliz.be/vmdcdata/narms/narms.php?p=taxdetails&id=100803 on 2026-06-06

Taxonomic edit history

Date

action

2004-12-21 15:54:05Z

created

van der Land, Jacob

2015-10-13 10:34:41Z

changed

Fautin, Daphne

[taxonomic tree]

[clear cache]

original description (of ) Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Laurentii Salvii. Holmiae [Stockholm]. [iii] + 824 pp. , available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/726886 [details] Available for editors

context source (HKRMS) Morton, B. & Morton, J. (1983). The sea shore ecology of Hong Kong. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 350 pp. , available online at https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004630673 [details]

context source (Hexacorallia) Fautin, Daphne G. (2013). Hexacorallians of the World. (look up in IMIS) [details]

basis of record van der Land, J.; den Hartog, J.H. (2001). Actiniaria, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 106-109 (look up in IMIS) [details]

additional source Pennant, Thomas. (1812). British Zoology. A new edition in four volumes. vol IV. Class V. Crustacea. Class VI. Vermes. Wilkie & Robinson. London. xvi+379 pp. 95 pls., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34933712
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additional source MacNae, W., Kalk, M. (eds). (1958). A natural history of Inhaca Island, Mozambique. Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg. I-iv, 163 pp. [details]

additional source de Blainville, H. M. (1830). Zoophytes. In: Dictionnaire des sciences naturelles, dans lequel on traitre méthodiquement des differéns êtres de la nature, considérés soit en eux-mêmes, d'après l'état actuel de nos connoissances, soit relativement à l'utlité qu'en peuvent retirer la médicine, l'agriculture, le commerce et les arts. Edited by F. G. Levrault. Tome 60. Paris, Le Normat. Pp. 548, pls. 68. Paris, 1830. 60 : 1-546., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25318344
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additional source Muller, Y. (2004). Faune et flore du littoral du Nord, du Pas-de-Calais et de la Belgique: inventaire. [Coastal fauna and flora of the Nord, Pas-de-Calais and Belgium: inventory]. Commission Régionale de Biologie Région Nord Pas-de-Calais: France. 307 pp., available online at http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/145561.pdf [details]

additional source Müller, O.F. (1776). Zoologiae Danicae Prodromus, seu Animalium Daniae et Norvegiae Indigenarum characters, nomina, et synonyma imprimis popularium. [Prodromus of Danish Zoology, or the characters, names, and synonyms of the indigenous animals of Denmark and Norway, especially of the popular ones.]. Typis Hallageriis, Havniae. 32: 1-282., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/47550
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additional source Moore, H. B. (1937). Marine fauna of the Isle of Man. Proceedings and Transactions of the Liverpool Biological Society. 50: 1-293, maps 1-3. (Crustacea: 87-142).
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additional source Gili, J.M., 1982. Fauna de cnidaris de les illes Medes. Treballs Inst. Cat. Hist. nat. 10 : 1-175.
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additional source Hamond, R. & B.G. Williams, 1977. The Ctenophora, Scyphozoa and Anthozoa of Norfolk, with additional notes on the Hydrozoa. Trans. Norfolk Norwich Nat. Soc. 24 : 58-74..
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additional source Ates, R.M.L., 1991. Predation on Cnidaria by vertebrates other than fishes. In: R.B. Williams, P.F.S. Cornelius, R.G. Hughes & E.A. Robson, eds., 1991. Coelenterate Biology: Recent research on Cnidaria and Ctenophora. Hydrobiologia 216217 : 305-307., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3240-4_44
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additional source Robins, M.W., 1969. The marine flora and fauna of the Isles of Scilly. Cnidaria e Ctenophora. J. nat. Hist. 3 : 329-343., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00222936900770291
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additional source Ross, D.M., 1974. Behavior patterns in associations and interactions with other animals. In: L. Muscatine & H.M. Lenhoff, eds, Coelenterate Biology. Reviews and new perspectives : 281-312., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-512150-7.50012-8
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additional source Teissier, G., 1950. Inventaire de la faune marine de Roscoff. Cnidaires et cténaires. Trav. biol. Roscoff. n. ser. suppl. 1: 1-43.
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additional source Weill, R., 1929. New results from the study of Coelenterate nematocysts. Proc. U.S. Natn. Acad. Sci. 15 12: 887-892.
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additional source Weill, R., 1934. Contribution à l'étude des Cnidaires et de leurs nématocystes. II. Valeur taxonomique du cnidôme. Trav. Stn zool. Wimereux 11 : 349-701.
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additional source Schmidt, H., 1969. Die nesselkapseln der aktinien und ihre differentialdiagnostische bedeutung. The nematocysts of the sea anemones and their importance for differential-diagnosis. Helgoländer wiss. Meeresunters. 19 : 284-317., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01625610
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additional source Chintiroglou, C. & A. Koukouras, 1991. Observations on the feeding habits of Calliactis parasitica (Couch, 1842), Anthozoa, Cnidaria. Oceanologica Acta 14 4: 389-396.
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additional source Heller, C. (1868). Die Zoophyten und Echinodermen des Adriatischen Meeres. Verhandlungen der Kaiserlich-Königlichen Zoologisch-Botanischen Gesellschaft von Wien. 18, supplement: 1-88, 3 plates., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/43291
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additional source Graeffe E. (1884). Übersicht der Seethierfauna des Golfes von Triest, nebst Notizen über Vorkommen, Lebensweise, Erscheinungs- und Fortpflanzungszeit der einzelnen Arten. III Coelenteraten. Arbeiten des Zoologischen Instituts der Universität Wien. 5: 333-362., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/5242020
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additional source Dixon, G.Y. & A.F. Dixon, 1891. Report on the marine Invertebrate fauna near Dublin. Proc R. Ir. Acad. -32 : 19-33.
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additional source Hartlaub C. (1894). Die Coelenteraten Helgolands. Vorläufiger Bericht. Wissenschaftliche Meeresuntersuchungen n. ser. 1(1): 161-206., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/15339477
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additional source Stephens, J. (1905). A list of Irish Coelenterata, including the Ctenophora. Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy. 25: 25-92.
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additional source Bruguière, J.G. (1789-1792). Encyclopédie méthodique ou par ordre de matières, par une Societe de gens de Lettres, de Savans et D'Artistes. [Methodical encyclopedia or by order of subjects, by a Society of Men of Letters, Scholars and Artists.]. Histoire naturelle des Vers, Paris: Pancoucke. volume 1: i-xviii, 1-344 [Livraison 32, June 1789]; 345-757 [Livraison 48, 13 Feb. 1792] [Dates after Evenhuis, 2003, Zootaxa, 166: 37; Zootaxa, 207, some modified by Evenhuis & Petit 2003 Zootaxa 207:1-4]., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8892006
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additional source Laverack, M.S. & M. Blackler (eds.). (1974). Fauna and flora of St. Andrews Bay. Edinburgh & London, Scottish Academic Press. 310 pp.
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1921). Actiniaria I. Danish Ingolf-Expedition. 5(9):1-241, figs. 1-210, pls. 1-4., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/19695128
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additional source Turton, W. (1807). British Fauna, containing a compendium of the zoology of the British Islands; arranged according to the Linnean system. Vol. 1, Mammalia, birds, Amphibia, fishes and worms. 1-230., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/21554423
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additional source Williams, R.B. (1979). A survey of the littoral Anthozoa, with additional notes on some other marine invertebrates of Gower, South Wales. Nature in Wales 16(4):253-266.
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additional source Blainville, H. M. D. de. (1834). Manuel d'actinologie ou de zoophytologie. F.G. Levroult. Paris: Strasbourg. 1-2: 1-644, pls. I-C., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/9680581
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additional source Leloup, E. (1964). Larves de Cerianthaires. Discovery reports. 33: 251-307.
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additional source Gravier, Ch., 1920. Larves d'Actiniaires provenant des campagnes scientifiques de S. A. S. le Prince Albert I de Monaco. Résultats des Campagnes Scientifiques Accomplies sur son Yacht par Albert I Prince Souverain de Monaco 57: 3-25.
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additional source Gravenhorst I.L.C. (1831). Tergestina, oder Beobachtungen und Untersuchungen über einige bei Triest im Meere lebende Arten der Gattungen Octopus, Doris, Pinna, Ascidia, Serpula, Echinus, Asterias, Ophiura, Holothuria, Actinia, Caryophyllia, Actinotus. Breslau [Wroclaw], W.G. Korn. 166 p.: , available online at http://books.google.com/books?id=xRAAAAAAQAAJ
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1924). Die larven der Ceriantharien, Zoantharien und Actiniarien der deutschen Tiefsee-expedition mit einen Nachtrag zu den Zoantharien. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Tiefsee-Expedition auf dem Dampfer "Valdivia" 1898-1899. 19: 339-476.
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additional source Poche, 1907. Über den richtigen Gebrauch der Gattungsnamen Holothuria und Actinia, nebst einigen andern, grössenteils dadurch bedingten oder damit in Zusammenhang stehenden Änderungen in der Nomenclatur der Coelenteraten, Echinodemen und Tunicaten. Zoologischer Anzeiger 32: 126-128.
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1938). South African Actiniaria and Zoantharia. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar. 17(3): 1-148.
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additional source Milne Edwards, H.; Haime, J. (1851). Monographie des polypiers fossiles des terrains palaeozoïques, précédée d'un tableau général de la classification des polypes. Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, Archives. 5: 1–502, 20 pls., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/25098869
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additional source Gravier, C. (1918). Note preliminaire sur les Hexactiniaires recueillis au cours des croisieres de la Princesse-Alice et de l'Hirondelle de 1888 a 1913 inclusivement. Bull. Inst. Oceanogr., Monaco. 346:1-24.
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additional source Braber, L.; Borghouts, H. (1977) Distribution and ecology of Anthozoa in the estuarine region of the rivers Rhine, Meuse and Scheldt., Hydrobiologia 52: 15-20, available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02658077
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additional source Dunn, Daphne Fautin (1982) Sexual reproduction of two intertidal sea anemone (Coelenterata: Actinaria) in Malaysia, Biotropica 14: 262-271, available online at https://doi.org/10.2307/2388084
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additional source Hand, C.; Uhlinger, K. R. (1994). The Unique, Widely Distributed, Estuarine Sea Anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson: A Review, New Facts, and Questions. Estuaries. 17(2): 501-508., available online at http://www.jstor.org/stable/1352679
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additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1935). The British Sea Anemones. Volume II. The Ray Society. London. pp. 426.
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additional source Andres, A. (1884). Le attinie. Volume primo, contente bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia. , available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/81386
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additional source den Hartog, J.C. & Ocaña, O. (2003). A new endemic Actinia species (Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from the central Macaronesian Archipelagos. Zoologische Mededelingen. 77: 229-244.
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additional source Schama, R.; Mitchell, M.; Solé-Cava, A. M. (2011). Actinia ebhayiensis sp. nov., a new species of sea anemone (Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Actiniidae) from South Africa. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 92(05): 885-894., available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411001305
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additional source Grieg, J. A. (1898). Skrabninger i Vaagsfjorden og Ulvesund, ytie Nordfjord. Bergens Mus. Aarsb., (1897) 16 : 1-27.
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additional source den Hartog J.C., Ates R.M.L. (2011). Actiniaria from Ria de Arosa, Galicia, northwestern Spain, in the Netherlands Centre for Biodiversity Naturalis, Leiden. Zoologische Mededelingen, Leiden. 85 (2): 11-53.
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additional source Manuel, R. L. (1981). British Anthozoa. London: Academic Press. 241 pp. (Synopses of the British Fauna).
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additional source Carlgren, O. (1949). A survey of the Ptychodactiaria, Corallimorpharia and Actiniaria. Kungliga Svenska Vet- enskapsakadamiens Handlingar. 1: 1–121.
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additional source Fischer, P. (1889). Nouvelle contribution à l actinologie française. Actes de la Société linnéenne de Bordeaux. 43(5): 251-309. (look up in IMIS)
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additional source Harms, J. (1993). Check list of species (algae, invertebrates and vertebrates) found in the vicinity of the island of Helgoland (North Sea, German Bight) - a review of recent records. Helgolaender Meeresuntersuchungen. 47(1): 1-34., available online at http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF02366182
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additional source Monteiro, F. A.; Solé-Cava, A. M.; Thorpe, J. P. (1997). Extensive genetic divergence between populations of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina from Britain, the Mediterranean and the Cape Verde Islands. Marine Biology. 129(3): 425-433., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/s002270050183
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additional source Bosc, L.A.G. (1801). Histoire Naturelle des Crustacés Contenant leur Description et leurs Moeurs; avec Figures Dessinées, d'Après Nature. Tome second. Paris: Chez Deterville. 1–296, pls. 9–18., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27817320
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additional source Pennington, A. S. (1885). British zoophytes: an introduction to the Hydrozoa, Actinozoa, and Polyzoa fround in Great Britain, Ireland, and the Channel Islands. L. Reeve & Co., London, 363 pp., available online at http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/12208
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additional source Jourdan, E. (1880). Recherches zoologiques et histologiques sur les Zoanthaires du golfe de Marseille. Annales des Sciences naturelles, Zoologie. 10(1): 1-154., available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.4956
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additional source Abel, E.F. (1959). Zur Kenntnis der marinen Höhlenfauna unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Anthozoen. Pubblicazioni della Stazione Zoologica di Napoli. 30 (Suppl. 1): 1-94.
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additional source Ottaway, J. R. (1979). Population Ecology of the Intertidal Anemone *Actinia tenebrosa.* II. * Geographical Distribution, Synonymy, Reproductive Cycle and Fecundity. Australian Journal of Zoology. 27(2), 273-290., available online at https://doi.org/10.1071/zo9790273
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additional source den Hartog, J. C. (1977). Notes on the little known sea anemone Cataphellia brodricii and on the closely allied Hormathia coronata and Paraphellia expansa (Actiniaria, Hormathiidae). Netherlands Journal of Zoology, 27(3): 237-244
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additional source Haylor, G. S.; Thorpe, J. P.; Carter, M. A. (1984). Genetic and ecological differentiation between sympatric colour morphs of the common intertidal sea anemone Actinia equina. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 16, 281-289, available online at https://doi.org/10.3354/meps016281
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additional source McCommas, S. A.; Lester, L. J. (1980). Electrophoretic evaluation of the taxonomic status of two species of sea anemone. Biochemical Systematics and Ecology, 8, 289-292, available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(80)90062-9
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additional source Manuel, R. L. (1977). A redescription of Edwardsia beautempsi and E. timida (Actiniaria: Edwardsidae). Cahiers de Biologie Marine, 18, 483-497
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additional source Andres, A. (1883). Le Attinie (Monografia). Coi Tipi der Salviucci. Roma., volume 1 (Bibliografia, introduzione e specigrafia), pp. 460.
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additional source Nafilyan, Z. (1912). Matériaux pour la faune des Actinies des côtes de France. Les Actinies de Roscoff. Memoirs of the Society of Zoology of France, 25, 5-44
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additional source Ottaway, J. R. (1975). Review of Actinia, Isactinia, and Cnidopus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) in New Zealand. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research, 9(1): 53-61, available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1975.9515546
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additional source Panikkar, N. K. (1937). A study of the actinian Phytocoetes gangeticus Annandale, with an account of the post-larval development and the occurrence of neoteny in the anemone. Zoologische Jahrbücher Abteilung für Anatomie und Ontogenie der Tiere, 62(3): 395-422
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additional source Parry, G. (1951). The Actiniaria of New Zealand. A check-list of recorded and new species a review of the literature and a key to the commoner forms Part I. Records of the Canterbury Museum, 6(1): 83-119
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additional source Song, J. I. (1992). Systematic study on Anthozoa from the Korea Strait in Korea: Subclasses Zoantharia and Ceriantipatharia. Korean Journal of Systematic Zoology, 8(2): 259-278
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additional source Durègne, E. (1889). Notes sur le Chitonactis richardi, Marion. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 44(3 and 4): 312-320
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additional source Andres, A. (1881). Prodromus neapolitanae actiniarum faunae addito generalis actiniarum bibliographiae catalogo. Mitteilungen aus der Zoologischen Station zu Neapel, 2(3): 305-371
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additional source Carter, M. A.; Thorpe, J. P. (1981). Reproductive, genetic and ecological evidence that Actinia equina var. Mesembryanthemum and var. fragacea are not conspecific. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 61, 79-93, available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400045926
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additional source Doumenc, D. A.; Koukouras, A. (1985). Actinies de la mer Égée: méthodes d'identification, zoogéographie. Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Paris), 7A, 4, (3): 497-529, available online at https://doi.org/10.5962/p.285861
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additional source Farquhar, H. (1898). Preliminary account of some New-Zealand Actiniaria. Journal of the Linnean Society of London (Zoology), 26, 527-536, available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1898.tb00409.x
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additional source Fischer, P. (1874). Recherches sur les actinies des cotes [sic] océaniques de France. Nouvelles Archives du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris, 10, 193-244
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additional source Fischer, P. (1875). Anthozoaires du département de la Gironde et des cotes [sic] sud-ouest de la France. Actes de la Société Linnéenne de Bordeaux, 30, 183-192
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additional source Fischer, P. (1887). Contribution a l'actinologie française. Archives de Zoologie Expérimentale et Générale, 5, 2, 381-442, available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/45601378
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additional source Schmidt, H. (1972). Prodromus zu einer Monographie der mediterranean Aktinien. Zoologica, 42(121): 1-121
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additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1929). On methods of reproduction as specific characters. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 16(1): 131-172
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additional source Stephenson, T. A. (1922). On the classification of Actiniaria. Part III. -- Definitions connected with the forms dealt with in Part II. Quarterly Journal of Microscopical Science, 66, 2, (262): 247-319
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additional source Mathew, K. (1979). Studies on the biology of a sea anemone, Anthopleura nigrescens (Verrill) from the south west coast of India. Bulletin of the Department of Marine Sciences, University of Cochin, 10, 75-158
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additional source Thompson, W. (1858). Remarks on the British Actiniadae, and re-arrangement of the genera. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 26(356): 145-149
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additional source Excoffon, A. C.; Zamponi, M. O. (1988). La fauna bentonica de Barckley Sound. II. Enmienda a las diagnosis de los generos Epiactis Verrill, 1869 y Cnidopus Carlgren, 1934 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae) y algunos aspectos sobre la viviparidad de Cnidopus ritteri (Torrey, 1902). Physis (Buenos Aires), 46A(111): 43-49
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additional source Zamponi, M. O.; Excoffon, A. C. (1995). La anemonofauna de Bahia Concepcion (Chile). I. Algunos aportes a la distribucion y biologia de los generos Phlyctenactis Stuckey, 1909 (Actiniaria: Actiniidae) y Antholoba Hertwig, 1882 (Actiniaria: Actinostolidae). Physis (Buenos Aires), 50A(118-119): 1-6
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additional source Williams, R. B. (1978). Some recent observations on the acrorhagi of sea anemones. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 58, 787-788, available online at https://doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400041448
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additional source Ross, D. M. (1960). The association between the hermit crab Eupagurus bernhardus (L.) and the sea anemone Calliactis parasitica (Couch). Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 134, 1, 43-57, available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1960.tb05916.x
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Present

Inaccurate

Introduced: alien

Containing type locality

Definitions

Language	Name
Dutch	rode paardenanemoonpaardenanemoongewone zeeanemoongemeene zeeanemoon	[details]
English	beadlet anemone	[details]
French	actinie rouge	[details]
German	Pferdeaktinie	[details]