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WoRMS taxon details
original description
Pallas, P. S. (1774). Spicilegia zoologica, quibus novae imprimis et obscurae animalium species iconibus, descriptionibus atque commentariis illustrantur cura P.S. Pallas. <em>[Book series, 14 volumes].</em> Fasciculus 10, pp. 1–41, 4 plates., available online at https://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/27823183 [details]
original description
(of Thalassina Montagu, 1813) Montagu, G. (1813). Descriptions of several new or rare animals, principally marine, discovered on the south coast of Devonshire. <em>Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.</em> 11(1): 1–26, pls. 1–5., available online at http://biodiversitylibrary.org/page/756542
page(s): 24. [details] 
original description
(of Thalessema Leach, 1816) Leach, W.E. (1816). Annulosa. <em>In Book Series: Encyclopedia Britannica, vol 1 of 5, supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions.</em> 1(2): 401-453, pls. 20-26. (June1816)., available online at https://digital.nls.uk/encyclopaedia-britannica/archive/193057498
page(s): 451. [details]
taxonomy source
Stephen, A. C., Edmonds, S. J. (1972). The Phyla Sipuncula and Echiura. Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History), London.
page(s): 452 [details]
basis of record
Maiorova, A. S., Adrianov, A. V. (2019). Biodiversity of echiurans (Echiura) of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench area. <em>Progress in Oceanography.</em> 180: 102216., available online at https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2019.102216
page(s): 12, 13, 15 [details]
basis of record
Maiorova, A. S., Adrianov, A. V. (2020). A review on biogeography of the deep-sea Echiura along the NW Pacific. <em>In: Saeedi, H., Brandt, A. (Eds.) Biogeographic Atlas of the Deep NW Pacific Fauna.</em> Pensoft, Sofia, pp. 213–230., available online at https://doi.org/10.3897/ab.e51315
page(s): 224, 225 [details]
additional source
Hayward, P.J. & J.S. Ryland (Eds.). (1990). The marine fauna of the British Isles and North-West Europe: 1. Introduction and protozoans to arthropods. <em>Clarendon Press: Oxford, UK.</em> 627 pp. (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors  [request]
additional source
van der Land, J. (2001). Echiura, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 178 (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
NODC. (1997). NODC Taxonomic codes. [details]
additional source
Murina, Vantsetti. List of Echiura. [details]
additional source
Satô, H. (1939). Studies on the Echiuroidea, Sipunculoidea and Priapuloidea of Japan. <em>Science Reports of the Tôhoku Imperial University, Fourth Series, Biology.</em> 14 (4): 339–460, plates XIX–XXIII. [details]
additional source
Popkov, D. V. (1992). A new echiuran species Thalassema malakhovi (Echiura) from New Zealand. <em>New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research.</em> 26(3-4): 379–383., available online at http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00288330.1992.9516531
note: Emendation (re-diagnosis of genus) [details]
additional source
Nishikawa, T. (1998). Nomenclatural remarks on the family-group names of the Phylum Echiura. <em>Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.</em> 111(2): 249–256., available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/35459003 [details]
From editor or global species database
Authority Lamarck (1801: 328) clearly uses 'Thalassema' as a valid genus (for his new name Thalassema rupium for the existing name Lumbricus thalassema deriving from Pallas, and he credits the genus authorship to Cuvier, but Stephen & Edmonds state they could not find evidence of this. Sherborn lists an 1801 mention of Thalassema by Cuvier in the first volume of the "Lecons .." but states the first formal mention is in Lamarck. The possible Cuvier or other authorship perhaps needs further investigation, but "Thalassema" was a pre-Lamarck name (in Pallas 1774 at least). The question is, did Pallas's mention of it (as Thalassema neptuni of Gaertner) make it an available name from that date, when it is a mention in synonymy (of Lumbricus thalassema). Nishikawa (1998:253) analysed the situation, and decided that Thalassema did date from Pallas 1774. However, it is possible the genus should be given a later date of when it appears in Lamarck (1801). [details]
Description The original mention of Thalassema by Pallas on page 8 in his Latin text, under the heading "Lumbricus thalassema", seemingly as a genus is as follows:
"Hanc speciem, quae praecedentis structuram pulchre illustrat , in Cornubia observauit profunde inter rimas rupium submarinarum habitantem Cel. Jos. Gaertner, cujus propriis verbis descriptionem , communicatamque cum plurimis infra recensendis iconem, hic infero lubens. Thalassema Neptunii nomen huic vermiculo fecit Gaertnerus noster ; Eumque generis ad quod mihi pertinere visus eft denominationi, pro distinguenda specie, adjeci." [details]
Etymology According to Fisher (1946) the etymology is "thalassos (sea) + ema (dart)" . According to Nishikawa (1998) Thalassema is a neuter noun. It appears to have been treated as a neuter genus by most authors. As thalassema is a noun, it cannot change suffix when first used as a species-group name (Lumbricus thalassema) and then recombined (Thalassema thalassema). Thus 'thalassemum' as if a variable adjective in Stephens & Edmonds (1972) is incorrect. [details]
Type species Nishikawa (1998: 253) stated that the "type species is Lumbricus thalassema by monotypy, because it is the only species with which Thalassema was firstly associated (see ICZN Art 67l)". According to Arts. 67.1.2 and 67.12 of the Code (ICZN 1999), however, the type species must be Thalassema neptuni, not Lumbricus thalassema. [details]
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