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BlackSea taxon details
original description
Ehrenberg, C. G. (1831). Phytozoa Turbellaria africana et asiatica. <em>In: Symbolae physicae (Hemprich F.W. & Ehrenberg C.G., Eds.). Animalia evertebrata exclusis insectis recensuit Dr. CG Ehrenberg. Series prima cum tabularum decade prima. Berolini.</em>
page(s): fol. c [details] 
context source (Bermuda)
Karling, T. G. (1978). Anatomy and systematics of marine Turbellaria from Bermuda. <em>Zoologica Scripta.</em> 7:225-248., available online at https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.1978.tb00605.x [details] Available for editors 
basis of record
Faubel, A.; Noreña, C. (2001). Turbellaria, <B><I>in</I></B>: Costello, M.J. <i>et al.</i> (Ed.) (2001). <i>European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels,</i> 50: pp. 123-136 (look up in IMIS) [details] Available for editors
additional source
Evdonin, L. A. (1970). The proboscis apparatus in the family Polycystidae (Turbellaria, Neorhabdocoela, Kalyptorhynchia). <em>In: "Studies in the evolutionary morphology of invertebrates". Ed. A.V. Ivanov. State University Leningrad.</em> 5–53. [details] Available for editors
additional source
Karling, T. G. (1963). Die Turbellarien ostfennoskandiens. V. Neorhabdocoela. 3. Kalyptorhynchia. <em>Fauna Fenica.</em> 17: 5-59. [details] Available for editors
additional source
Schockaert, E.R. (1982). Turbellaria from Somalia 2. Kalyptorhynchia (part 2). <em>Monitore Zoologico Italiano.</em> 18: 81–96. (look up in IMIS), available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/03749444.1982.10736660 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Artois, T. J.; Tessens, B. S. (2008). Polycystididae (Rhabditophora: Rhabdocoela: Kalyptorhynchia) from the Indian Ocean, with the description of twelve new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 1849: 1-27., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1849.1.1 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Ax, P. (2008). Plathelminthes aus Brackgewässern der Nordhalbkugel. Akademie der Wissenschaft und der Literatur Mainz, Franz Steiner Verlag, Stuttgart, 696 pp. [details]
additional source
Schockaert, E. R.; Jouk, P. E. H.; Martens, P. M. (1989). Free-living Plathelminthes from the Belgian coast and adjacent areas. <em>In: Wouters, K.; Baert, L. (Ed.) (1989). Proceedings of the Symposium Invertebrates of Belgium.</em> pp. 19-25. (look up in IMIS) [details]
additional source
Graff, L. von. (1913). Turbellaria II. Rhabdocoelida. [Das Tierreich, Eine Zusammenstellung und Kennzeichnung der rezenten Tierformen Heft 35/1913]. Berlin, Verlag von R. Friedländer und Sohn, Ausgegeben im Juni 1913., 484 pages. [reprinted 1966, Verlag Von J. Cramer W], available online at https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/883047 [details]
additional source
Schilke, K. (1970). Zur Morphologie und Phylogenie der Schizorhynchia (Turbellaria, Kalyptorhynchia). <em>Zeitschrift für Morphologie der Tiere.</em> 67(2): 118-171., available online at https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00283198 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Willems, W. R.; Reygel, P.; Steenkiste, N. V.; Tessens, B.; Artois, T. J. (2017). Kalyptorhynchia (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from KwaZulu-Natal (South Africa), with the description of six new species. <em>Zootaxa.</em> 4242(3): 441–466., available online at https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4242.3.2 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Van Steenkiste, N. W. L.; Leander, B. S. (2018). Species diversity of eukalyptorhynch flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela) from the coastal margin of British Columbia: Polycystididae, Koinocystididae and Gnathorhynchidae. <em>Marine Biology Research.</em> 14(9-10): 899-923., available online at https://doi.org/10.1080/17451000.2019.1575514 [details] Available for editors
additional source
Timoshkin O.A., Naumova T.B., Novikova O.A. (2001). Ciliated worms (Plathelminthes: Turbellaria). <em>In: Index of animal species inhabiting Lake Baikal and its catchment area: In 2 vols . Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2010–2011, Vol. 1: Lake Baikal.</em> II (4): 196–227. [details] Available for editors
additional source
Diez, Y. L.; Schmidt-Rhaesa, A. (2024). Little neighbours in Hamburg: free-living aquatic flatworms (Platyhelminthes). <em>Evolutionary Systematics.</em> 8(2): 279-310., available online at https://doi.org/10.3897/evolsyst.8.139468 [details] Available for editors
redescription
Vanstraelen, L.; Cuypers, V.; Artois, T.; Monnens, M. (2026). Cutting the Gordian knot: a taxonomic revision of Gyratrix hermaphroditus Ehrenberg, 1831 (Platyhelminthes), with remarks on taxonomic decision-making. <em>Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society.</em> 206(3)., available online at https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag013
note:
All records, including distribution data, predating Vanstraelen et al. (2026) should be regarded as uncertain. They refer to the G. hermaphroditus species complex, which was subsequently resolved into...
All records, including distribution data, predating Vanstraelen et al. (2026) should be regarded as uncertain. They refer to the G. hermaphroditus species complex, which was subsequently resolved into several distinct species by Vanstraelen et al. (2026). As a result, previously published records cannot be assigned with confidence to any of the newly recognized taxa, including G. hermaphroditus sensu stricto.
[details] Available for editors
ecology source
Korgina, E. M. (1982). Динамика численности турбеллярий в пруду (Dynamics of the numbers of turbellarians in a pond). <em>Биология внутренних вод (Biology of inland waters).</em> 54: 26–29. [details] Available for editors
ecology source
Korgina, E. M. (1986). Состав и численность турбеллярий прибрежной зоны рыбинского водохранилища. (Composition and abundance of turbellarians in the coastal zone of the Rybinsk reservoir). <em>Биология внутренних вод (Biology of inland waters).</em> 70: 32–37. [details] Available for editors
ecology source
Korgina, E. M. (1989). Фауна турбеллярий водоемов бассейна верхней Волги (Turbellarian fauna of reservoirs of the upper Volga basin). <em>Биология, систематика и функциональная морфология пресноводных животных (Biology, systematics, and functional morphology of freshwater animals).</em> 56 (59): 3–17. [details] Available for editors
biology source
Tessens, B.; Monnens, M.; Backeljau, T.; Gijbels, M.; Artois, T. (2025). A tool for feeding and mating: The Swiss Army stylet of Gyratrix hermaphroditus. <em>Invertebrate Biology.</em> 144(2)., available online at https://doi.org/10.71161/ivb.144.2.2024.00017 [details] Available for editors
 Present Inaccurate Introduced: alien Containing type locality
From editor or global species database
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